Why is polyaluminum chloride a good coagulant for water treatment?

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is highly effective coagulant for water treatment over conventional coagulants because of low dosage requirement, shorter flocculation time, smaller amount of sludge, high efficiency and low aluminum residual in treated water .

What is high-purity poly-aluminum chloride (PACL)?

Poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) is one of the common coagulants for water and wastewater treatment. A new Chinese national standard of PACl has been implemented, where the concentration of insoluble substances, iron and heavy metals is to be controlled strictly, then researches on the preparation of high-purity PACl are needed.

Can PAC be used as coagulant for water treatment?

The ZPD value of PAC was also revealed that the flocculation tendency of PAC particles was very high in water, and the PAC could be used as coagulant for water treatment. Fig. 5.

Is Pac better than aluminum sulfate & aluminum chloride for removing turbidity & nom?

Moreover, the performance of synthesized PAC was also very much higher as compared with aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride for removing turbidity and NOM from synthetic water samples. The coagulant dose and the lime required of synthesized PAC were reduced more than two folds relative to aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride doses.

Can polymeric PAC be used for water treatment?

Several researchers have investigated the synthesis, of PAC and its performance for water treatment. The results shows that various polymeric species of PAC yield (Al b species) are obtained and different performance efficiencies for water treatment are reported in the literature [21, 24].

What is the molecular formula of poly-aluminum chloride?

One of the major pre-polymerized coagulants, poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) is used broadly for water and wastewater treatment. PACl contains different amounts of hydroxyl, and the molecular formula of PACl is [Al m (OH) n (H 2 O) x]·Cl 3m−n (n ≤ 3 m).