What are the different types of polyacrylamide (PAM)?

According to its ionic properties, PAM is divided into three main types: cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) and nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). These three types have significant differences in structure, function and application. 1. Cationic polyacrylamide (Cationic PAM, CPAM) Structure and properties:

What are cationic polyacrylamide copolymers?

Cationic polyacrylamide copolymers (PAMs) are a group of water-soluble polymers with a wide range of applications in industry, food processing, agriculture and waste management. One of the major applications for PAM is sludge dewatering in municipal waste water treatment plants (MWWTPs).

What is anionic polyacrylamide (Apam)?

Anionic polyacrylamide (Anionic PAM, APAM) Structure and properties: Anionic PAM is a water-soluble polymer. By introducing these anionic groups on the polymer backbone, APAM can react with positively charged substances. It is mainly used for flocculation, sedimentation and clarification of various industrial wastewaters.

Which is better cationic or anionic polyacrylamide?

Cationic PAM is especially suitable for treating negatively charged organic substances such as high-concentration colloids and suspended solids in wastewater treatment. Due to its complex production process and superior performance, cationic PAM is usually priced higher than anionic polyacrylamide.

What is cationic Pam?

Cationic PAM: It is a linear polymer compound. Because it has a variety of active groups, it can form hydrogen bonds with many substances and mainly flocculate negatively charged colloids. Suitable for use in acidic conditions

How strong is a cationic Pam compared to a nonionic Pam?

Besides, the average of maturated floc strength factor for cationic PAM (77 %) was somewhat greater than that for either anionic or nonionic PAMs (both ≈ 69 %).