Why is polyaluminum chloride a good coagulant for water treatment?

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is highly effective coagulant for water treatment over conventional coagulants because of low dosage requirement, shorter flocculation time, smaller amount of sludge, high efficiency and low aluminum residual in treated water .

What is high-purity poly-aluminum chloride (PACL)?

Poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) is one of the common coagulants for water and wastewater treatment. A new Chinese national standard of PACl has been implemented, where the concentration of insoluble substances, iron and heavy metals is to be controlled strictly, then researches on the preparation of high-purity PACl are needed.

What is the molecular formula of poly-aluminum chloride?

One of the major pre-polymerized coagulants, poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) is used broadly for water and wastewater treatment. PACl contains different amounts of hydroxyl, and the molecular formula of PACl is [Al m (OH) n (H 2 O) x]·Cl 3m−n (n ≤ 3 m).

Are pre-polymerized aluminum salts a good coagulant for water treatment?

Although the pre-polymerized aluminum salts (PACl) show better coagulation performance in some cases in comparison with conventional coagulants , their applications in water treatment are still limited due to the high cost of raw materials . Therefore, it is urgently required to develop more cost-effective coagulants for water treatment.

Is Pac better than aluminum sulfate & aluminum chloride for removing turbidity & nom?

Moreover, the performance of synthesized PAC was also very much higher as compared with aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride for removing turbidity and NOM from synthetic water samples. The coagulant dose and the lime required of synthesized PAC were reduced more than two folds relative to aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride doses.

What is the concentration of aluminum in Pac solution?

The aluminum concentration in the PAC solution was diluted in the ranges from 5.4 to 10.8 mg L −1. The PAC solution to Ferron solution volume ratio was 10:1, which was mixed and immediately transferred to the cuvettes in the UV–vis spectrometer for absorbance measurement.