What is partial hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is a water-soluble polymer material used in oil fields [18, 19]. It usually has a linear structure with high molecular weight and is obtained by partial hydrolysis of PAM or by copolymerization of sodium acrylate with acrylamide .

Which polymer is used to produce partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?

PAM is used to produce partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), which is linear, anionic, water-soluble, stable, polymeric, and high molecular weight chain of acrylamide (C 3 H 5 NO) monomers (Bao et al., 2010; Braun et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2016; Xiong et al., 2018).

Is HPAM a water soluble polymer?

HPAM is a water-soluble, commonly injected polymer into oil reservoirs to improve the water flooding process (Xue et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2008).

Is HPAM better than NaCl?

The findings revealed that a rate of 3% of HPAM gave better rheological behavior, the influence of KCl (1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%) was greater than that of NaCl (1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%) on polymers, and the aging test showed that the different formulations are stable and maintain their behavior up to 110 °C.

What is the maximum amount absorbed by polyacrylamide (C HPAM)?

The solubility test results confirmed the maximum amount absorbed by polyacrylamide ( [C HPAM] = 66.42 g/L) in order to avoid aggregation, gelification, and enhance the drilling mud by utilizing the prescribed contents. 1. Introduction Currently, water-soluble polymers are very important for many industrial applications [1, 2].

What is HPAM viscosity compared to water injection?

HPAM viscosity of 150–1000 cP showed improvement in oil recovery, when compared with water injection (Seright, 2010), but its usage has temperature and salinity restrictions. So, reservoir permeability, rock composition, and oil viscosity are important in the selection of the applied polymer in the field (Abidin et al., 2012).