What are anionic polyacrylamides?

Anionic polyacrylamides (PAMs) are a class of synthetic water-soluble polymers (composed of long chains of acrylamide monomer) used as flocculants. They are available in dry powder form, liquid emulsion, and gelatinous blocks.

What is anionic polyacrylamide used for?

Anionic Polyacrylamide is widely used in Oil & Gas, water treatment, textile, printing and dyeing, papermaking, mineral processing, coal washing, medicine, sugar, breeding, building materials, agriculture and other industries. It is known as the most widely used additive.

What is anionic polyacrylamide (Apam)?

Anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is a kind of polyacrylamide (PAM) and shows electronegative which contains functional groups of sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid or carboxylic acid .

Is anionic polyacrylamide toxic?

Anionic polyacrylamide has no systemic toxicity to aquatic organisms or micro-organisms. The polymer is much too large to be absorbed into tissues and cells. The functional anionic groups do not interfere with the functioning of fish gills or daphnia respirators.

Can anionic polyacrylamide be used as a mediator in environmental remediation?

Uncovering an accessible and cheap material as mediator becomes a top priority, which can potentially improve the activity of heterojunction in environmental remediation. Anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is a hydrophilic polymer which is easy to be carbonized (Choi et al., 2004).

What is nonionic polyacrylamide (NPAM)?

Nonionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) is a type of high molecular polymer or polyelectrolyte. Its molecular chain contains nonionic polar groups that can adsorb suspended solid particles in water and bridge them to form a large flocculate.