What are the different types of polyacrylamide (PAM)?

YASA ET is supplier of three different kinds of PAM: non-ion polyacrylamide (NPAM), cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM). Click here to learn more. PAM chemical compounds are used to flocculate and coagulate suspended solids in water, wastewater, and soil.

Are anionic polyacrylamides toxic?

While anionic polyacrylamides are generally considered low-toxicity substances (Smith & Oehme, 1991), they may contain traces of acrylamide, a neurotoxin, and a potential carcinogen (King & Noss, 1989). … … These reactions are admitted as a main way of acrylamide human exposure.

What is anionic polyacrylamide used for?

Anionic polyacrylamide can pick up positively charged particles (clay, sand), much like a magnet picks up nails and other metal objects. APAM can be widely used in waste water treatment of chemical industry, municipal sewage treatment, such as coal washing, mineral processing, metallurgy, iron and steel industry and electronic industry.

What is polyacrylamide used for?

Flocculate or coagulate solids in a liquid may be one of the largest uses for polyacrylamide which applies to wastewater treatment, and processes like paper making and screen printing. Polyacrylamide (PAM) can be supplied in a powder or liquid form, with the liquid form being subcategorized as solution and emulsion polymer.

What is ionic polyacrylamide?

The ionic forms of polyacrylamide has found an important role in the potable water treatment industry. Trivalent metal salts, like ferric chloride and aluminium chloride, are bridged by the long polymer chains of polyacrylamide. This results in significant enhancement of the flocculation rate.

Why do water treatment plants use polyacrylamide?

This allows water treatment plants to greatly improve the removal of total organic content (TOC) from raw water. Another common use of polyacrylamide and its derivatives is in subsurface applications such as Enhanced Oil Recovery.