What is anionic polyacrylamide (Apam)?

Anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is a hydrophilic polymer which is easy to be carbonized (Choi et al., 2004). The amide group (−CONH 3) on APAM can form hydrogen bond with the uncondensed amine groups on surface of g-C 3 N 4 (Schwinghammer et al., 2014).

How to make Apam polymer?

Strong acid, strong alkali, and high salt water are not suitable. The concentration of the polymer solution is recommended to be 0.1%-0.3%, that is, add 1g-3g PAM polymer powder to 1 liter of water. The appearance of APAM is white powder with a molecular weight ranging from 6 million to 25 million.

What is a high molecular weight polyacrylamide (PAM)?

Low molecular weight PAM can be used as a paper strengthening agent. Medium molecular weight polyacrylamide PAM is used as a retention and drainage aid. And high molecular weight polyacrylamide is used as a flocculant in the treatment of papermaking wastewater. At present, anionic PAM is most used in the paper industry.

Is Apam soluble in water?

The appearance of APAM is white powder with a molecular weight ranging from 6 million to 25 million. With good water solubility, it can dissolve in water in any proportion, but is insoluble in organic solvents. Meanwhile, the effective PH value ranges from 4 to 14.

What is cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)?

Cationic Polyacrylamide. In general, CPAM is white powder in appearance with an ionic degree ranging from 20% to 55%. It has the characteristics of high polymer electrolyte and is suitable for the treatment of wastewater with negative charge and rich in organic matter.

What is cationic Pam used for?

Cationic PAM is suitable for the treatment of wastewater with high organic colloid content in industries, such as dyeing, papermaking, food, construction, metallurgy, beneficiation, coal powder, oil field, aquatic product processing and fermentation industrial fields.