Which coagulants can be used to remove sludge particles from water?

Moreover, it is also found in literature that sludge water containing fine extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) can be treated with inorganic coagulants (polyaluminium chloride (PACl) and ferric chloride (FeCl 3)) which can be later removed as fine sludge particles from water .

Which coagulant is used in wastewater treatment?

For example, alum (aluminum sulfate) is the most commonly used coagulant for wastewater treatment throughout the world [4, 7, 8]. It was reported that about 90 % dye removal was achieved with alum dosage. Similarly, ferric chloride was also used in some applications .

Can coagulants be used in textile wastewater treatment?

Ahmed et al. treated textile wastewater with ferric chloride coagulant and obtained 97 % TSS removal . However, inorganic coagulants may remain in excess in the treated water and cause problems to aquatic and human lives . To address this issue, coagulants from natural resources can be used [6, , , , ].

How should coagulation pH be matched to raw water alkalinity?

PACl basicity should be matched to raw water alkalinity, so that coagulation pH is as close as possible to the pH of minimum solubility of the coagulant. The solids separation process used for treatment was also found to be important for coagulant selection.

Does raw water turbidity affect coagulation?

Raw water turbidity and NOM did not influence the type of coagulant that was most effective. Raw water alkalinity, as it relates to the pH of coagulation, was found to be very important for choosing one coagulant type over another.

Which coagulants are used in coagulation experiments?

Three different commercially available coagulants i.e., aluminum sulphate octadecahydrate (98 %), ferric chloride anhydrous (98 %,) ferric sulphate hydrate pure were directly added during the experiments which were of laboratory grade. Laboratory grade polyaluminium chloride (PAC) was used as the flocculants in each experiment.