What is cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM)?

1. Introduction Cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM) has been applied to the retention program of the paper industry for a long time, because adjusting molecular weight and charge density is relatively easier than other polymers. However, traditional polyacrylamide can generate flocs too large and strong between pulp fibers (1).

What additives are used in a paper mill?

In a paper mill, various gums, vegetable extractives, and synthetic polymers are used as dry strength additives. Examples include cationic and amphoteric starches, natural gums (guar, locust bean or tamarind), cationic polyacrylamides, cationic glyoxylated resins, modified polyamines, and carboxymethyl cellulose. These additives improve the strength of the paper.

Does amphoteric polyacrylamide emulsion reduce hydrolysis of cationic functional group?

Change of formation using polymer with water condition all, amphoteric polyacrylamide emulsion showed stable characteristics not only polymer itself to reduce oil and polymer layer separation but also solution stability to reduce hydrolysis of cationic functional group.

Why is amphoteric polyacrylamide emulsion important?

all, amphoteric polyacrylamide emulsion showed stable characteristics not only polymer itself to reduce oil and polymer layer separation but also solution stability to reduce hydrolysis of cationic functional group. These phenomena can improve storage characteristics of the products and dissolved polymer for the application.

Can polyelectrolyte be used as a retention aid?

Polyelectrolyte's dry strength additives can act as a retention aid in the paper mill industry by becoming part of the existing complex colloid suspension on the wet end side. However, its effectiveness depends on the level of use. High addition rates can lead to negative effects, such as poor retention and poor water removal.

Which nonionic surfactants were added to increase solubility in water?

nonionic surfactants of Brij-96 as an inversing agent was added to increase solubility in water. Cationic polyacrylamide was a copolymer of acrylamide and methylchloride salt of dimethylaminoethylacrylate (DMAEA-MC) and amphoteric polyacrylamide was terpolymer of acrylamide, DMAEA-MC and acrylic acid as shown Fig. 1.