Why is carbon black used in rubber?

As a result, the final rubber products can achieve longer lifetime, higher strength and more satisfied modulus of elasticity. Carbon black is by far the most commonly applied reinforcing filler in rubber manufacture since the First World War.

Can carbon black be used in elastomeric polymers?

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Adding carbon black (CB) particles to elastomeric polymers is essential to the successful industrial use of rubber in many applications, and the mechanical reinforcing effect of CB in rubber has been studied for nearly 100 years.

What is carbon black?

Carbon black consists more than 90% of pure form of elemental carbon, which is made up of tiny and mostly spherical carbon atoms fusing together in clusters referred to as aggregates. Several aggregates then group together as agglomerates which break up during rubber mixing period.

What is the chemical bond between rubber matrix and carbon black?

As studied by Medalia and Kraus (1994), the chemical bond between rubber matrix and carbon black can be generated by the reaction of such double bonds and sulphur, olefins and radicals. However, the number of these bonds still can not be illustrated quantitatively until now.

Can carbon black be modified?

The modification of the carbon black has been reviewed. The production of carbon black substitutes from renewable materials were proposed. Carbon black is a reinforcing filler widely applied in the rubber elastomers manufacture. This review is focused on the development of the life cycle of carbon black.

Is carbon black a good filler for rubber elastomers?

There is ongoing research interest in employing other carbon allotropes (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes) for reinforcing elastomers [1, 2, 3], and the use of precipitated silica in rubber applications is growing . However, carbon black is by far the dominant filler in rubber products.