How polyacrylamide (PAM) is used in sewage treatment?

In sewage treatment, using polyacrylamide (PAM) can increase the recycling rate of water reuse. In petroleum extraction, polyacrylamide (PAM) is mainly used in drilling mud materials and for enhancing oil recovery, widely applied in drilling, well completion, cementing, fracturing, enhanced recovery, and other oil field extraction operations.

What is cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM)?

Cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM), copolymerized from acrylamide and substituted acrylate or acrylamide segments, offers an alternative to PHPA and exhibits high stability under high TDS conditions 28.

What is polyacrylamide (PAM) used for?

In raw water treatment, polyacrylamide (PAM) is used together with activated carbon for the coagulation and clarification of suspended particles in domestic water; in sewage treatment, polyacrylamide (PAM) can be used for sludge dewatering; in industrial water treatment, polyacrylamide (PAM) is primarily used as a formula agent.

How does polyacrylamide (PAM) reduce drag?

Polyacrylamide (PAM) can effectively reduce the frictional resistance of fluids, and adding a small amount of polyacrylamide (PAM) to water can reduce drag by 50-80%. Polyacrylamide (PAM) has thickening effects under both neutral and acidic conditions, and when the pH value is above 10, polyacrylamide (PAM) is easily hydrolyzed.

Can modified polyacrylamide be used in drilling technology?

Recent advances of modified polyacrylamide in drilling technology. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 215, 110566 (2022). Hripko, R., Vajihinejad, V., LopesMotta, F. & Soares, J. B. P. Enhanced flocculation of oil sands mature fine tailings using hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide copolymers. Glob. Chall. 2, 1700135 (2018).

Can cationic polyacrylamide be used for oily wastewater treatment?

Zhao C, Zheng H, Gao B, Liu Y, Zhai J, Zhang S, Xu B (2018) Ultrasound-initiated synthesis of cationic polyacrylamide for oily wastewater treatment: Enhanced interaction between the flocculant and contaminants.