What is a tissue-mimicking phantom?

A tissue-mimicking (TM) phantom, which, in particular, acoustically mimics a target tissue, is critical in the quality assurance.

Can polyacrylamide hydrogel be used to fabricate stable Phantoms?

Here we introduce polyacrylamide (PAA) hydrogel as a candidate material for fabricating stable phantoms with well-characterized optical and acoustic properties that are biologically relevant over a broad range of system design parameters.

Can polyacrylamide be used as a dopant for a phantom TMM?

These materials also typically require high preparation temperatures, potentially limiting compatible dopant options. Polyacrylamide (PAA) is a hydrogel that has been used previously for ultrasound phantom TMMs, including in Zerdine® (CIRS, Inc., Norfolk, VA), a commercially available TMM [ 33 ].

What is a tissue mimicking material (TMM)?

One key challenge for PAI is the need for tissue mimicking materials (TMMs) that simultaneously possess optical properties and acoustic properties that are tunable over a biologically relevant range. An ideal phantom would also accurately mimic tissue over a broad range of optical wavelengths and acoustic frequencies.

Can Nipam-based hydrogel Phantoms model thermal lesions?

The fabrication and characterization of reusable transparent NIPAM-based hydrogel phantoms, designed to model the formation of thermal lesions in different tissues above a threshold temperature, have been demonstrated.

Can a polyacrylamide hydrogel detect HIFU-induced thermal lesions?

An optically transparent polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAG) with a temperature-sensitive indicator such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) ( Khokhlova et al. 2006) or egg white ( Takegami et al. 2004) has been used extensively for years for visualizing HIFU-induced thermal lesions.