What are polyethylenimine crosslinked polymer gels used for?

Polyethylenimine crosslinked polymer gels are gaining a huge interest in conformance control applications in oilfields. They are used to reduce the production of undesirable fluids (water & gas) by blocking the fractures that connect injection and production wells.

What is the process of polyacrylamide production line?

The process of polyacrylamide production line includes the main steps of raw material preparation, polymerisation reaction, neutralisation and desalination, concentration and drying, granulation and crushing, packaging and storage.

Which polymer is used as a crosslinker?

Reactants and materials Partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (PHPA), used as the base polymer, was kindly provided by SNF Floerger, France. A liquid form polyethylenimine (PEI) with 99.9% purity (Sigma Aldrich) was used as a crosslinker.

What is hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?

Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), a derivative resulting from the hydrolysis of PAM, demonstrates significant thickening capabilities in freshwater and at relatively lower temperatures (<75 °C) due to strong intra- and inter-chain electrostatic repulsion of carboxylate groups 14.

What is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA)?

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), consisting of neutral acrylamide and anionic acrylate groups, is suitable for use in water with <25,000 mg/L TDS 12, 15.

Can polyacrylamide contribute to residual polymer formation?

Common methods for treating PAM are membrane filtration 25, thermal distillation 24, oxidation treatment 26, and biological treatments 27. However, addressing the challenge posed by PAM remains a pressing issue within the industry. Fig. 1: Polyacrylamide and its fragments may contribute to residual polymer formation.