What is anionic polyacrylamide (Apam)?

Anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is a kind of polyacrylamide (PAM) and shows electronegative which contains functional groups of sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid or carboxylic acid .

Is anionic polyacrylamide toxic?

Anionic polyacrylamide has no systemic toxicity to aquatic organisms or micro-organisms. The polymer is much too large to be absorbed into tissues and cells. The functional anionic groups do not interfere with the functioning of fish gills or daphnia respirators.

What is an anionic Pam?

Anionic PAM is produced when acrylamide is polymerized with an anionic comonomer. Water soluble PAMs have been used for decades to facilitate solid liquid separations in wastewater and drinking water treatment, the pulp and paper industry, aquaculture, and many other industrial processes.

What is anionic polyacrylamide used for?

Anionic Polyacrylamide is widely used in Oil & Gas, water treatment, textile, printing and dyeing, papermaking, mineral processing, coal washing, medicine, sugar, breeding, building materials, agriculture and other industries. It is known as the most widely used additive.

What are the different types of anionic polyacrylamide synthesis technologies?

The paper lists six different kinds of anionic polyacrylamide synthesis technologies, including homopolymerization posthydrolysis process, homopolymerization cohydrolysis process, copolymerization approach, inverse emulsion polymerization, precipitation polymerization and radiation polymerization.

What determines the molecular weight of anionic polyacrylamide?

The molecular weight is determined by the type and concentration of the reaction initiator and the reaction parameters. Anionic polyacrylamide has no systemic toxicity to aquatic organisms or micro-organisms. The polymer is much too large to be absorbed into tissues and cells.