What factors affect the flocculation effect of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)?

Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is a commonly used flocculant for water treatment. Factors that affect the flocculation effect and can be controlled manually include the type and dosage of CPAM, wastewater pH, stirring time and settling time, and their reasonable setting is critical to the flocculation effect of CPAM.

What is polyacrylamide used for?

Polyacrylamide and its co-polymers are used as flocculants or coagulants in industrial wastewater treatment .Homo-polymer is used in this application and can be either nonionic, cationic or anionic depending on the types of wastewater needs to be treated. Also polyacrylamide can be prepared either as linear or as cross-linked.

Does nonionic polyacrylamide affect the flocculation process of removing clay?

The presence of nonionic polyacrylamide has slight effect on the flocculation process efficiency of removing clay from industrial wastewater. On the other hand, usin g o f prepared flocculent, it was found that the presence of soap in water in large concentrations has a negative effect on flocculation process.

Does polyacrylamide have mineral coagulants?

General patterns of water treatment with the use of polyacrylamide and its anionic and cationic derivatives have been considered in the absence and presence of mineral coagulants.

What is high molecular weight polyacrylamide (PAM)?

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative High molecular weight (106–3 × 107 Da) polyacrylamide (PAM) is commonly used as a flocculant in water and wastewater treatment, as a soil conditioner, and as a viscosity modifier and friction reducer in both enhanced oil recovery and high volume hydraulic fracturing.

Does biological filtration improve polyacrylamide biodegradation?

Freedman, D. E. et al. Biologically active filtration for fracturing flowback and produced water treatment. J. Water Process Eng. 18, 29–40 (2017). Dai, X. et al. Waste-activated sludge fermentation for polyacrylamide biodegradation improved by anaerobic hydrolysis and key microorganisms involved in biological polyacrylamide removal.