How does Pam interact with clay in a bentonite?

Considerable shifts are observed in vibrational frequencies, particularly with PAM-treated bentonites. These results show that the PAM molecules and clay particles interact with each other. Thus,PAM is loosely bound and interacts near the surface and/or into the interlayers of the bentonites. Fig. 4.

Are anionic polymers effective flocculants and deflocculants?

Anionic polymers are effective flocculants and deflocculants for clays which normally carry negative charges in water only when the polymer also contains nonionic polar groups (such as OH −1, NH 2) or if the anion is carboxyl (COO − ).

What are the rheological properties of bentonite water system?

The rheological properties of bentonite–water system arequite variable depending on the structure of the mineral, its particle size and the pH of the environment. The Ca bentonite (natural sample) has a low apparent viscosity (16 mPa s), whereas the Na-peptized sample has a higher apparent viscosity (18 mPa s) at 100 rpm.

What is the industrial application of bentonite–water systems?

The industrial application of bentonite–water systems is very widespread, such aspaper, paints, coatings, and drilling fluids, to modify the rheology and control the stability of the system. The knowledge of rheological behaviour of these systems is very important for technology.

Is ca bentonite crystallized after NAHCO 3 treatment?

XRD studies revealed that Ca bentonite is very poorly crystallized, but it showsexcellent crystallization after 4 wt.% NaHCO 3 treatment (Fig. 1). The Na-peptized bentonite sample shows in particular a sharp and intense peak which corresponds to an interplanar distance d(001) of 12.44 Å.

What is the difference between ca bentonite and Na peptized samples?

The Ca bentonite (natural sample) has alow apparent viscosity (16 mPa s), whereas the Na-peptized sample has a higher apparent viscosity (18 mPa s) at 100 rpm. The apparent viscosities of the samples increase with an increase in the Na content .