What is high-purity poly-aluminum chloride (PACL)?

Poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) is one of the common coagulants for water and wastewater treatment. A new Chinese national standard of PACl has been implemented, where the concentration of insoluble substances, iron and heavy metals is to be controlled strictly, then researches on the preparation of high-purity PACl are needed.

How to prepare high concentration polyaluminum chloride?

A novel membrane distillation concentration method was used to prepare high concentration polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with high content of Al b or Al c. 2.52 mol/L PACl 1 with 88% Al b and 2.38 mol/L PACl 2 with 61% Al c were successfully prepared.

Which polynuclear aluminum hydrolysis products are stable?

PACl 1 and PACl 2 with significant amounts of highly charged and stable polynuclear aluminum hydrolysis products were less affected by the hydrolysis conditions and could maintain high speciation stability under various conditions.

Does polymeric aluminum chloride coagulate efficiently?

Taking the more widely used polymeric aluminum chloride (PACl) as an example, coagulation efficiency is closely related to the characteristics and distribution of Al species of PACl (He et al. 2024).

Can PACL hydrolysis be adapted under different operating conditions?

Based on the forcing hydrolysis characteristics of fine bubbles due to the adsorption of hydroxide ions on their surfaces, this study verified the adaptability of the forced PACl hydrolysis by fine bubbles under different operating conditions objectively and comprehensively.

What is the molecular formula of poly-aluminum chloride?

One of the major pre-polymerized coagulants, poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) is used broadly for water and wastewater treatment. PACl contains different amounts of hydroxyl, and the molecular formula of PACl is [Al m (OH) n (H 2 O) x]·Cl 3m−n (n ≤ 3 m).