When did hydrolysed polyacrylamide become available?

In the 1960s–1970s, hydrolysed polyacrylamide and its derivatives were launched to enhance the drilling operation ( Jiang et al., 2021 ). Partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (PHPA) became accessible in the foundation industry in the early 1990s ( Lam and Jefferis, 2014 ).

What is polyacrylamide used for?

Hence, it is an earth-stabilising fluid that is designed for a variety of applications in the geo-construction industry such as tieback anchors, diaphragm walls, horizontal drilling, tunnelling, slurry trenching, drilled shafts/bored piles, and others. 6.1. Polyacrylamide in drilling technology

Can polyacrylamide be used for drilling?

However, polyacrylamide with high molecular weight can be a good candidate at lower concentrations to meet the drilling requirements. The viscosity of polyacrylamide at all concentrations decreases with increasing temperature, according to Magzoub et al. (2021).

What is the pH range of modified polyacrylamide drilling fluid?

Besides, Shettigar et al. (2018) also developed a modified grafted polyacrylamide by maintaining the pH value of 9 by using sodium hydroxide. In short, the modified polyacrylamide drilling fluid must be maintained at a pH range of 7–10 to avoid an acidic environment that is harmful to the environment and society.

Can hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide gel be used in high temperature drilling?

Enhanced hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide gel for lost circulation treatment in high temperature drilling J. Mol. Liq., 325 ( 2021), p. 115155, 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115155 Rheological properties of bentonite-free water-based drilling fluids with novel polymer viscosifier J. Petrol. Sci.

Can an anionic polymer withstand drilling fluid?

The fluid loss test on this drilling system found that anionic polymer can resist about 4.5 × 105 ppm of Cl −, 4 × 105 ppm of Ca 2+, and 1.5 × 104 ppm of Mg 2+ at low pH by adding the acidic gas together at 180 °C. Thus, it can withstand the temperature of drilling fluid up to 180 °C.