What are rubber antioxidants?

Rubber antioxidants are defined as substances that could delay the aging of polymer compounds and prolong the service life of rubber products by inhibiting oxidation, heat, or light radiation . To date, the annual global consumption of rubber antioxidants is over 700,000 tons, accounting for about 40% of the total amount of rubber additives.

Do antioxidants and their TPS increase environmental risk awareness of rubber products?

To our knowledge, this is the first review on antioxidants and their TPs in the environment, which may elevate the environmental risk awareness of rubber products and their TPs in the near future.

What are rubber products used for?

Rubber products are mainly used in industrial and agricultural production, transportation, and national defense construction, and antioxidants are a group of the most important chemicals with widespread use in rubber products.

Which rubber antioxidants are used in China?

Amine antioxidants are the main rubber antioxidants produced and used in China, of which 6PPD and 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ, RD) have the highest production, accounting for more than 80% of the total amine antioxidants.

Can a rubber antioxidant enter the environment with tire-wear particles (Twps)?

Recently, it was reported that the rubber antioxidant N – (1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N′ -phenyl- p -phenylenediamine (6PPD or antioxidant 4020), a typical tire rubber antioxidant, could enter the surrounding environment together with tire-wear particles (TWPs) [7, 8].

Does antioxidant 2246 protect rubber from aging?

Among them, antioxidant 2246 has a good performance to protect rubber from aging caused by heat, oxygen, and metals. Because hydrogen in phenolic antioxidants can combine with the oxygen in air, their antiaging efficiency is therefore lowered compared with amine antioxidants [21, 22].