How to synthesize amphoteric polyacrylamide flocculants?

Copolymerization of AM with various functional monomers or betaine-based monomers is also a general way to synthesize amphoteric polyacrylamide flocculants. Zhu et al. used amphoteric polyacrylamide (AmPAM) obtained by the copolymerization of AM, AA and methyl acrylic acid ethyl trimethyl chloride ammonium for treating tannery wastewater .

What is amphoteric polyacrylamide (ampam)?

agents for enhanced oil recovery, drainage, and retention aids in the paper manufacturer, etc.[1–5] Amphoteric polyacrylamide (AmPAM) [6,7] carries anionic and cationic charge group on the polymer back-bone, which can adsorb both organic and inorganic sus-pension substances.

How to obtain acrylamide-free amphoteric copolymers?

Acrylamide-free amphoteric copolymers can be obtained by copolymerizing unsaturated monomers containing ionic groups. The molecular weight, charge density and cation/anion degree of copolymer can be adjusted by changing the amounts of monomers and reaction conditions .

Can amphoteric flocculants replace carboxyl groups?

Amphoteric flocculants with phosphate group as anionic segments have been investigated as an alternative to carboxyl groups. Lin's group synthesized amphoteric starch by incorporating EPTAC and an anion moiety phosphate onto starch using microwave radiation [62, 63].

Can a polyacrylamide flocculant remove humic acids?

Because the anionic and cationic groups in its molecules can be chelated with metal ions and released at the isoelectric point, metal ions can be separated and recycled by this property. Amphoteric polyacrylamide flocculant can also remove small and medium molecules, such as colored substances and humic acids.

What are amphoteric polymers used for?

The application of amphoteric polymers in the development and design of various WTAs, including flocculants, adsorbents, antiscalants, catalysts and corrosion inhibitors, are introduced in detail.