Why is polyaluminum chloride a good coagulant for water treatment?

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is highly effective coagulant for water treatment over conventional coagulants because of low dosage requirement, shorter flocculation time, smaller amount of sludge, high efficiency and low aluminum residual in treated water .

How to make poly aluminum chloride?

2.1. Preparation of poly aluminum chloride from kaolin 10 g of dried kaolin added to 35 ml of HCl (36%), sp.gr. (1.15), reflex for 3 hrs., at 150 °C, then, filtrate of the hot solution through filter paper (Whatman 40), the filtrate has animation as PAC ™.

Why is kaolin used in poly aluminum chloride production?

For numerous reasons, including affordability, accessibility, sustainability and eco-friendly, the production of poly aluminum chloride utilizing kaolin and other natural materials is regarded as an innovative technology , , , , .

Can PAC be prepared from aluminum chloride solution?

PAC can be prepared from aluminum chloride solution with the titration of various basification agents such as calcium oxide [16, 21], sodium hydroxide [, , ] and sodium aluminate .

What are the synthesis parameters of aluminum chloride hexahydrate?

The synthesis parameters were concentration of aluminum chloride hexahydrate (0.4 to 0.8 M), basicity ratio (2.0 to 2.4), reaction temperature (60 to 80 °C) and time (180 to 360 min). The performance of PΑC for water treatment was also investigated. The monomeric, medium polymeric and colloidal species of PAC were determined by Ferron test method.

Is aluminum chloride neutralized?

Commonly, aluminum chloride has been neutralized to produce PACls. PACls typically include high levels of polynuclear aluminum hydrolysis products, such as Al 13 , , . As a polynuclear former, poly aluminum chloride (PAC) is a complex inorganic compound made of aluminum and progressive chlorination of the hydroxyl ion.