What is anionic polyacrylamide (Apam)?

Anionic polyacrylamide (Anionic PAM, APAM) Structure and properties: Anionic PAM is a water-soluble polymer. By introducing these anionic groups on the polymer backbone, APAM can react with positively charged substances. It is mainly used for flocculation, sedimentation and clarification of various industrial wastewaters.

What are the different types of polyacrylamide (PAM)?

According to its ionic properties, PAM is divided into three main types: cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) and nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). These three types have significant differences in structure, function and application. 1. Cationic polyacrylamide (Cationic PAM, CPAM) Structure and properties:

What is Pam used for in water treatment?

PAM is also widely used as a flocculant in drinking water treatment (at concentrations <1 mg/L). 37 PAM can create bridges between destabilized particles, forming micron-size aggregates with good settling properties. 38 Cationic, nonionic, and anionic PAM have all been studied for flocculation.

What is a nonionic polymer (Pam)?

Nonionic PAM is a high molecular polymer or polyelectrolyte with a certain amount of polar genes in its molecular chain. It can adsorb solid particles suspended in water and bridge between particles to form large floccules, accelerate the sedimentation of particles in suspension, accelerate the clarification of solution, and promote filtration.

Can cationic polyacrylamide flocculants be used to treat oily water?

Shu, G., Bu, K., Zhao, B. & Zheng, S. Evaluation of newly developed reverse demulsifiers and cationic polyacrylamide flocculants for efficient treatment of oily produced water. Colloids Surf. A 610, 125646 (2021). This work was supported by grants from the “Qihang Program” of the Southwest Petroleum University (2023QHZ001) awarded to C.Z.

What is high molecular weight polyacrylamide (PAM)?

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative High molecular weight (106–3 × 107 Da) polyacrylamide (PAM) is commonly used as a flocculant in water and wastewater treatment, as a soil conditioner, and as a viscosity modifier and friction reducer in both enhanced oil recovery and high volume hydraulic fracturing.