What is anionic polyacrylamide (PAM)?

Anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) possesses interconnected and active groups that establish robust bonds with the surface of suspended colloids, promoting the formation of coarse particles among the suspended solids and a mixture of insoluble particles in water (Irfan et al. 2017).

How does polymeric aluminum chloride achieve destabilization?

Polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC) achieves the destabilization process by adsorbing onto the surface of colloidal particles and facilitating bridging. Consequently, when PAC executes both destabilization mechanisms concurrently, the process becomes more rapid and results in superior separation.

What is polymeric aluminum chloride?

Polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC) is characterized as an inorganic macromolecule, with its monomers forming a binuclear complex of aluminum. In aqueous environments, this compound further develops into polynuclear complexes.

Does polyaluminum chloride remove turbidity?

The study compares the efficacy of polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide in removing turbidity, representing the number of suspended solids, under varying pH, mixing time, temperature, oil, and suspended solids conditions. Optimizing these parameters is crucial for enhancing the coagulation treatment’s efficiency.

Does PAC increase turbidity removal efficiency?

The response surface method (RSM) is employed for a more precise examination of these parameters. Results indicate that increasing PAC dosage to 5 mg/L enhances turbidity removal efficiency, meeting the water turbidity standard of less than 20 NTU for the rolling process.

What happens when Pam reacts with metal cations?

Under low pH conditions, anionic PAM molecules react with metal cations, forming insoluble metal complexes. Conversely, in alkaline conditions, the coagulant adsorbs organic matter within flocs created from metal hydroxides, facilitating settling (Kumar et al. 2010; El-Naas et al. 2010).