What is anionic polyacrylamide (Apam)?

Anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is its negative charge, which makes it highly effective in a wide range of applications. Anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is highly water-soluble, which means that it can be easily dissolved in water and other aqueous solutions. This makes it easy to use in various applications, such as in the treatment of wastewater.

Is Apam a uniform polymer?

The polyacrylamide is a uniform and unitary polymer. PAM has a neat smooth surface as its SEM images unfold at 2500x and 4000x. However, the surface of APAM was much rougher. Hills and valleys could be observed in its SEM images due to the interaction of chemical groups between AM and SAS.

What is the atomic percentage of Apam?

And the atomic percentage values are listed in Table 3. Meanwhile, the theoretical molecular formation of APAM and APAM-T is (C 3 H 5 ON) 8 (C 3 H 5 SO 3 Na) 2, when the dosage of SAS in the total monomer is 20 %, O/C = 0.467, N/C and S/C = 0.667.

How is anionic polyacrylamide synthesized?

Synthesis mechanism The anionic polyacrylamide was synthesized by copolymerizing AM and SAS monomers. The essence of copolymerization is the free radical reaction. Thus, this chain reaction can be divided into three distinct processes: initiation, propagation, and termination.

What is Apam used for?

Mining Industry: APAM is used in the mining industry as a flocculant to separate solid particles from liquid in the process of mineral extraction. It can be used in the processing of various minerals, such as copper, gold, and coal. APAM can effectively separate fine particles from water and increase the recovery of valuable minerals.

What is the difference between Pam and Apam?

A number of significant differences were found between those three polymers. The polyacrylamide is a uniform and unitary polymer. PAM has a neat smooth surface as its SEM images unfold at 2500x and 4000x. However, the surface of APAM was much rougher.