What is the optimal pH range for Pac coagulation?

The optimal pH range for PAC coagulation performance was 7.5 to 8.0. The coagulation process in conventional water treatment could be enhanced and the ensuing water pH decline reduced appreciably by applying the right dosage of polyaluminium chloride and appropriate process conditions of pH, fluid mixing speed matrix and residence time.

Is polyaluminium chloride better than polyelectrolyte – alum-based coagulation?

At the Barekese Water Treatment Plant in Ghana, an alternative, the polyelectrolyte – polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is also used in coagulation but limited information is available on the operating conditions required to achieve better performance than alum-based coagulation.

What is polyaluminium chloride used for?

Primary Use of Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) PAC polyaluminium chloride can be utilized as a flocculant or coagulant in water treatment or water refinement, including drinking water, modern wastewater, metropolitan wastewater, pool, and paper industry. Aluminum Sulfate is a viable essential coagulant dependent on trivalent aluminum.

What is Pac based water treatment?

PAC is the polymer adopted by the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) and the Barekese Water Treatment Plant management in Ghana. However, limited information is available on the optimal dosage and operating conditions for PAC-based water treatment.

What is NGR PAC powder & NGR 1000 liquid?

Type of PAC – NGR PAC Powder, and NGR 1000 Liquid As one of the leading manufacturers in Indonesia, NGR provides two types of PAC chemical, they are named NGR PAC Powder & NGR 1000 Liquid both for Drinking Water Grade and Industrial Water Grade.

What is the turbidity of a PAC flocculated water?

The average PAC dose, since its introduction in December 2016, was 33.2 mg/l, with minimum and maximum dosages of 14.1 and 43.8 mg/l. Since PAC's introduction, the turbidity of the flocculated water has remained fairly stable, within the range 3.5 to 6.1 NTU. When alum was in use, the range was 2.0 to 6.4 NTU (Figure 4).