What is nonionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) gel?

Nonionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) gel was prepared for in-depth profile control. A compact three dimensional network structure was formed in the bulk gel system. Retention, adsorption and bridging across the pore throats occur in high permeability zones. The NPAM gel shows superior high temperature resistant. °C.

Can phenolic resin cross-linked NPAM gel be used for water production control?

Conclusions In this work, a phenolic resin cross-linked NPAM gel was selected as an in-depth profile control agent for water production control. The gelation time and gel strength of the NPAM gel can be controlled by adjusting the NAPM polymer or cross-linker concentration.

Where did NPAM and phenolic resin cross-linker come from?

Nonionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) and phenolic resin cross-linker were purchased from Yuguang Co. Ltd., China. The hydrolysis degree and average molecular weight of NPAM were 3.31% and 9,650,000 g/mol, respectively. The low salinity of brine (492.08 mg/L) was used in all experiments.

Does NPAM gel have long-term stability below 143 °C?

The broad flat segment below 143 °C suggests that the energy of the chemical bonds in the gel systems is strong enough to overcome the force of the intramolecular reactions, and thereby the gel systems have good stability below this temperature. It indicates that the NPAM gel can obtain long-term stability below this temperature.

How does NPAM interact with phenolic ring?

In the structure, the amide groups (–CONH 2) of NPAM provide cross-linking sites reacting with multiple alkylations (–CH 2 OH) of the phenolic ring by a cross-linking reaction, incorporating hydrophilic groups into the chain, and then forming a dense three-dimensional gel network structure.

Which polymers are used for the cross-linking reaction?

Previous studies have shown that anionic polymers and hydrophobic associative polymers are mainly used for the cross-linking reaction, and the cross-linking mechanism of these gel systems has also been described ( Zhao, 2010, You et al., 2010 ).