What is polyacrylamide (PAM)?

PAM, or anionic Polyacrylamide, is a very long chain, high molecular weight organic polymer produced from natural gas, with characteristics which make it useful as a soil amendment to control runoff and soil loss.

Where is Ciba based?

Ciba was a chemical company based in and near Basel, Switzerland. "Ciba" stood for "Chemische Industrie Basel" (Chemical Industries Basel) and was formed when the non-pharmaceuticals elements of Novartis were spun out in 1997, following the merger in the previous year of Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz that created Novartis.

Which polyacrylamide is used as a pulp dispersant?

Anionic polyacrylamide can be used as a pulp dispersant. Low molecular weight PAM can be used as a paper strengthening agent. Medium molecular weight polyacrylamide PAM is used as a retention and drainage aid. And high molecular weight polyacrylamide is used as a flocculant in the treatment of papermaking wastewater.

How polyacrylamide (PAM) is used in sewage treatment?

In sewage treatment, using polyacrylamide (PAM) can increase the recycling rate of water reuse. In petroleum extraction, polyacrylamide (PAM) is mainly used in drilling mud materials and for enhancing oil recovery, widely applied in drilling, well completion, cementing, fracturing, enhanced recovery, and other oil field extraction operations.

What products does Ciba sell?

Founded in 1998, we have built good relationship with ciba … Intermediate, Chemical Auxiliary, Chemical Reagent, Chemical Additives and Catalysts, Daily Chemicals, Probiotics, Pigment Dyes, Flavors and Fragrances, Additive, Chemical Pharmaceutical Intermediate

What type of polyacrylamide is Apam?

Amphoteric Polyacrylamide. APAM is formed by hydrolysis and copolymerization of vinyl amide and vinyl cationic monomer acrylamide monomer. It is an irregular zwitterionic polymer with both positive and negative charges on the molecular chain. Non-ionic Polyacrylamide.