What is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA)?

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), consisting of neutral acrylamide and anionic acrylate groups, is suitable for use in water with <25,000 mg/L TDS 12, 15.

Which polymer is used to produce partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?

PAM is used to produce partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), which is linear, anionic, water-soluble, stable, polymeric, and high molecular weight chain of acrylamide (C 3 H 5 NO) monomers (Bao et al., 2010; Braun et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2016; Xiong et al., 2018).

How to determine charge content in partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides?

3.2.2. Hydrolysis degree Potentiometric titration is a classical way to determine charge content in partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides . However, for the partially hydrolyzed HAPAMs used in this work, we found very limited solubilities when they are in the acid form after exchange with cationic resin.

How is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide treated?

Dong L, Su F, Wang YZ. Treatment of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide by mixed bacteria isolated from wastewater. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. 2020;39 (6):e13445. doi: 10.1002/ep.13445. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

Can polyacrylamide contribute to residual polymer formation?

Common methods for treating PAM are membrane filtration 25, thermal distillation 24, oxidation treatment 26, and biological treatments 27. However, addressing the challenge posed by PAM remains a pressing issue within the industry. Fig. 1: Polyacrylamide and its fragments may contribute to residual polymer formation.

How acrylates are placed in hydrolyzed derivatives?

As for placement of acrylates in the hydrolyzed derivatives, it is well known that alkaline hydrolysis of amide group in PAM is an auto-retarded reaction which leads to a monomer distribution where the carboxylate groups are isolated along the chain. This has been confirmed by 13 C NMR. 3.2.4. Molecular weight