What is cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)?

Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is a water-soluble linear polyelectrolyte with high molecular weight and positive charge density. Because of its low cost, high efficiency, and simple operation, CPAM is widely used as a chemical conditioner for flocculation pretreatment of sludge before mechanical dewatering (Sun et al. 2018; Zhou et al. 2014 ).

What are the different types of polyacrylamide (PAM)?

According to its ionic properties, PAM is divided into three main types: cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) and nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). These three types have significant differences in structure, function and application. 1. Cationic polyacrylamide (Cationic PAM, CPAM) Structure and properties:

How to improve flocculation efficiency of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)?

Among them, flocculation is an efficient and simple physicochemical method, and to be choose proper flocculant is the key factor to enhance flocculation efficiency (Li et al. 2017; Luo et al. 2013 ). Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is a water-soluble linear polyelectrolyte with high molecular weight and positive charge density.

Is cationic polyacrylamide soluble in water?

Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is highly soluble in water and can form clear solutions at low concentrations.Due to the positively charged functional groups, Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) can attract and bond with negatively charged particles and suspended solids in water, leading to flocculation and sedimentation.

What is cationic polyacrylamide used for?

Mining industry: Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is used as a flocculant to settle and dewater mineral tailings, reducing the environmental impact of mining activities. CPAM can improve the settling rate and compaction of tailings, leading to reduced water consumption and improved tailings storage capacity.

What is anionic polyacrylamide (Apam)?

Anionic polyacrylamide (Anionic PAM, APAM) Structure and properties: Anionic PAM is a water-soluble polymer. By introducing these anionic groups on the polymer backbone, APAM can react with positively charged substances. It is mainly used for flocculation, sedimentation and clarification of various industrial wastewaters.