What is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) was widely implemented to improve the rheological properties of displacing fluids, but the high temperature and salinity of the reservoir brine limited their applications.

Can hydrolyzed polyacrylamide be degraded?

For oil field applications, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the most widely used polymer. HPAM must maintain high viscosity to achieve good oil recovery. In reality, however, polymers can be severely degraded by shearing and heat in the underground environment. This phenomenon is studied in this paper.

Is HPAM a water soluble polymer?

HPAM is a water-soluble, commonly injected polymer into oil reservoirs to improve the water flooding process (Xue et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2008).

What does HPAM stand for?

Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis (Part B: Chemical Analysis),1(11). Articles from Environmental Monitoring and Assessment are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group Polymers, such as partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), are widely used in oil fields to enhance or improve the recovery of crude oil from the reservoirs.

What is the maximum amount absorbed by polyacrylamide (C HPAM)?

The solubility test results confirmed the maximum amount absorbed by polyacrylamide ( [C HPAM] = 66.42 g/L) in order to avoid aggregation, gelification, and enhance the drilling mud by utilizing the prescribed contents. 1. Introduction Currently, water-soluble polymers are very important for many industrial applications [1, 2].

Can HPAM be converted into acrylamide?

The potential toxicity of HPAM is neglected, but after natural or chemical degradation, it can be converted into acrylamide (CH 2 = CHCONH 2, Fig. 3). Acrylamide is a toxic chemical that endangers the local ecosystem and human health (Bao et al., 2010; Elshafie et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2016).