Is cationic polyacrylamide a good fluid additive?

It is recommended to use anionic polyacrylamide because of its minimal interaction and also compatibility with other fluid additives. Due to the cationic polyacrylamides interacting strongly with shale, it can potentially cause formation damage. Both the rheological studies and the zeta potential tests gave the same results.

Does cationic polyacrylamide affect the surface properties of shale?

In this work, TMAC is compared with KCl and NaCl as an additive to anionic and cationic polyacrylamide systems for shale inhibition. In this work, the impact of anionic and cationic polyacrylamide in injected fluids on the alteration of the surface properties of shale is studied.

Do charged polyacrylamides interact with shale?

Interaction of polymer-containing injected fluids with shale is a widely studied phenomenon, but much is still unknown about the interaction of charged polyacrylamides such as anionic and cationic polyacrylamides with shale.

Can polyacrylamide adsorption cause shale formation damage?

Formation damage caused by the adsorption of polyacrylamides on the shale surface alters the surface properties. In this work, the study of the shale–polyacrylamide interaction focused on the extent to which polyacrylamides adhering to the shale can potentially cause formation damage.

Can cationic polyacrylamide rheologically quantify polymer–shale interaction?

In the cationic polyacrylamide medium, flocculation can result in excessive gravitational settling of the agglomerated shale particles. Hence, only the anionic polyacrylamide was used to rheologically quantify polymer–shale interaction. However, both cationic and anionic polyacrylamides were used to quantify polymer–shale zeta potential.

What is the molecular weight of cationic polyacrylamide?

Anionic polyacrylamide and cationic polyacrylamide with average molecular weight 10 7 g/gmol were obtained from Kemira Supplies. The polyacrylamides are highly water absorbent and form soft gels even at low concentration.