What is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA)?

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), consisting of neutral acrylamide and anionic acrylate groups, is suitable for use in water with <25,000 mg/L TDS 12, 15.

What is hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?

Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), a derivative resulting from the hydrolysis of PAM, demonstrates significant thickening capabilities in freshwater and at relatively lower temperatures (<75 °C) due to strong intra- and inter-chain electrostatic repulsion of carboxylate groups 14.

Can polyacrylamide contribute to residual polymer formation?

Common methods for treating PAM are membrane filtration 25, thermal distillation 24, oxidation treatment 26, and biological treatments 27. However, addressing the challenge posed by PAM remains a pressing issue within the industry. Fig. 1: Polyacrylamide and its fragments may contribute to residual polymer formation.

Can polyacrylamide improve hydrocarbon production efficiency?

npj Materials Sustainability 2, Article number: 15 (2024) Cite this article Polyacrylamide (PAM) and its derivatives play a pivotal role in various facets of hydrocarbon development. Proper application and treatment of PAM have the potential to enhance hydrocarbon production efficiency while mitigating adverse environmental effects.

How are polyacrylamides treated?

The top left is the filter, the top right is the reservoir, and bottom left and bottom right are settling tanks. Polyacrylamides are typically addressed through various treatment methods, including membrane filtration, thermal distillation, oxidation treatment, and biological removal (Table 2).

Can modified polyacrylamide be used in drilling technology?

Recent advances of modified polyacrylamide in drilling technology. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 215, 110566 (2022). Hripko, R., Vajihinejad, V., LopesMotta, F. & Soares, J. B. P. Enhanced flocculation of oil sands mature fine tailings using hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide copolymers. Glob. Chall. 2, 1700135 (2018).