What is cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)?

Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is a water-soluble linear polyelectrolyte with high molecular weight and positive charge density. Because of its low cost, high efficiency, and simple operation, CPAM is widely used as a chemical conditioner for flocculation pretreatment of sludge before mechanical dewatering (Sun et al. 2018; Zhou et al. 2014 ).

What are the different types of polyacrylamide (PAM)?

According to its ionic properties, PAM is divided into three main types: cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) and nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). These three types have significant differences in structure, function and application. 1. Cationic polyacrylamide (Cationic PAM, CPAM) Structure and properties:

What are the different types of polyacrylamide adsorption?

In practice, however, this adsorption is often enhanced by using modified (anionic or cationic) forms of polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide can be classified to three categories: non-ionic, anionic and cationic polyacrylamide. Keywords: Polyacrylamide; non-ionic; anionic; cationic; wastewater treatment. 1. INTRODUCTION

What is cationic polyacrylamide?

Cationic Polyacrylamide is white power or granule, the degree of ion is from 5% to 80%, soluble, good water solubility, can be dissolved in water at any percentage and be undissolved in organic solvents. CPAM shows characteristics of high polymer electrolyte, suitable for wastewater treatment with a negative charge and rich organic matter.

How to improve flocculation efficiency of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)?

Among them, flocculation is an efficient and simple physicochemical method, and to be choose proper flocculant is the key factor to enhance flocculation efficiency (Li et al. 2017; Luo et al. 2013 ). Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is a water-soluble linear polyelectrolyte with high molecular weight and positive charge density.

What is anionic polyacrylamide (Apam)?

Anionic polyacrylamide (Anionic PAM, APAM) Structure and properties: Anionic PAM is a water-soluble polymer. By introducing these anionic groups on the polymer backbone, APAM can react with positively charged substances. It is mainly used for flocculation, sedimentation and clarification of various industrial wastewaters.