Is chitosan water soluble?

Among these materials, amphoteric chitosan ( Yang et al., 2011a, Yang et al., 2011b ), containing both cations and anions on the backbone chain,can easily convert chitosan into a water-soluble form over wide pH ranges.

What is CMC-G-Pam flocculant?

A novelamphoteric chemically bonded composite flocculant, CMC- g -PAM, is designed and successfully prepared. The new flocculant demonstrates improved solubility. Flocculation tests at various pH levels prove the applicability of the designed flocculant over a wide range of pH for primary water treatment.

Can polymeric flocculants be used in water purification?

Synthetic polymeric flocculants, such as polyacrylamide (PAM),have already been proven to be useful in water purification, although they exhibit defects such as poor shear resistance and non-biodegradability ( Biswal and Singh, 2004, Sen and Pal, 2009 ).

Can a flocculant be used over a wide range of pH?

Flocculation tests at various pH levels prove the applicability of the designed flocculant over a wide range of pH for primary water treatment. The optimal dosages of the flocculant obtained from turbidity, size, and fractal dimension test are consistent; ZP is not applicable under a more complicated flocculation mechanism.

Does fractal theory apply to biodegradable natural polymer-based flocculants?

Considering that few studies on the application of fractal theory on biodegradable natural polymer-based flocculants have been reported, IA and LS methods are introduced to evaluate the flocculation performance of CMC- g -PAM.