What is partial hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is a water-soluble polymer material used in oil fields [18, 19]. It usually has a linear structure with high molecular weight and is obtained by partial hydrolysis of PAM or by copolymerization of sodium acrylate with acrylamide .

What is the maximum amount absorbed by polyacrylamide (C HPAM)?

The solubility test results confirmed the maximum amount absorbed by polyacrylamide ( [C HPAM] = 66.42 g/L) in order to avoid aggregation, gelification, and enhance the drilling mud by utilizing the prescribed contents. 1. Introduction Currently, water-soluble polymers are very important for many industrial applications [1, 2].

Does cross-linker increase viscosity of polyacrylamide?

It has been noted that an increase in the viscosity is due to the cross-linked feature of polyacrylamide. Cross-linker significantly increases the viscosity of linear gel by increasing the molecular weight of the base polymer by linking multiple molecules together. Cross-linker increases molecular weight without additional polymers.

Why are cross-linked variants of polyacrylamide more stable?

Cross-linked variants of polyacrylamide have shown greater resistance to degradation. Hence, they are more stable for longer periods. Therefore, linking of polymer chains through chemical linkages gives material a more rigid structure and potentially a better-defined shape . 3.8. Solubility Test

Do modified CMC & PHPA polymer drilling fluids increase rheological properties?

Kuma et al. investigated modified CMC and PHPA polymer drilling fluids with NaCl and KCl and haematite mineral where KCl and NaCl acted as great swelling inhibitors for drilling muds, while haematite just slightly increased the rheological properties on CMC–bentonite mud and did not have much effect on the PHPA–bentonite mud .

What is polymer flooding?

Polymer flooding is a chemical method that is widely used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). It involves changing the rheological properties of the displacement fluid by adding water soluble polymers [7, 8, 9, 10].