What is partial hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is a water-soluble polymer material used in oil fields [18, 19]. It usually has a linear structure with high molecular weight and is obtained by partial hydrolysis of PAM or by copolymerization of sodium acrylate with acrylamide .

What are the limitations of polyacrylamide?

Due to the relatively simple structure of common polyacrylamide, there are some limitations in production applications. Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is widely used in actual tertiary oil recovery, and the degree of hydrolysis is generally between 25 % and 35 % .

Does HPAM increase viscosity in partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solution?

From the average end-to-end distances of HPAM molecules in each partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solution system in Fig. 16, it can be seen that HPAM molecules maintain a relatively stretched state in the solution, and the hydrodynamic radius is large, which significantly increases the solution viscosity.

Which polymer is used to produce partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?

PAM is used to produce partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), which is linear, anionic, water-soluble, stable, polymeric, and high molecular weight chain of acrylamide (C 3 H 5 NO) monomers (Bao et al., 2010; Braun et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2016; Xiong et al., 2018).

How does polyacrylamide polymer flooding improve oil recovery?

Polyacrylamide polymer flooding mainly achieves the improvement of oil recovery by injecting high molecular weight polyacrylamide into the injection water, reducing the mobility ratio of the flooding phase, increasing the viscosity of the oil–water phase, and increasing the sweeping coefficient of the flooding.

Is polyacrylamide a water soluble polymer?

1. Introduction Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a linear water-soluble polymer, and its aqueous solution has a certain viscosity, which is a widely used drug in water-soluble polymer compounds.