What are polyacrylamides (Pam)?

Polyacrylamides (PAM) are synthetic polymers available in both powder and liquid (emulsion) form (Needham & Doe, 1987; Chang, 1978; Donaldson et al., 1989). These polymers are manufactured in a variety of ways to yield a wide range of physical and chemical properties that make them candidates for many different oilfield applications.

What is cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)?

Cationic Polyacrylamide. In general, CPAM is white powder in appearance with an ionic degree ranging from 20% to 55%. It has the characteristics of high polymer electrolyte and is suitable for the treatment of wastewater with negative charge and rich in organic matter.

What is Pam polymer used for?

PAM polymer is a kind of multifunctional oilfield chemical treatment agent. It is widely used in the process of drilling, cementing, completion, workover, fracturing, acidification, water injection, water plugging and profile control, and tertiary oil recovery operations in oil production.

What type of polyacrylamide is Apam?

Amphoteric Polyacrylamide. APAM is formed by hydrolysis and copolymerization of vinyl amide and vinyl cationic monomer acrylamide monomer. It is an irregular zwitterionic polymer with both positive and negative charges on the molecular chain. Non-ionic Polyacrylamide.

What are the different types of polyacrylamide water treatment?

Description: According to ionic characteristics, it can be divided into four types, non–ionic polyacrylamide NPAM, anionic polyacrylamide APAM, cationic polyacrylamide CPAM and amphoteric polyacrylamide. At present, the PAM water treatment is generally anionic type.

Is polyacrylamide a water soluble polymer?

Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a water-soluble linear high-molecular polymer formed by the polymerization of acrylamide monomers initiated by free radicals. At the same time, it is also a kind of polymer water treatment flocculant.