Why are rubber chemicals added to raw rubber?

Rubber chemicals are added to raw rubbers to improve their mechanical, environmental and processing properties. These chemicals often migrate to the surface and alter its free energy and ultimately its contact adhesion properties.

Does heat treatment affect the performance of rubber reinforced by CB?

The surface free energy (surface activity) is a major factor affecting the reinforcement of rubber. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the effect of heat treatment on the performance of the rubber reinforced by CB.

Can rubber chemicals be mixed with natural rubber?

In this study, some industrially important rubber chemicals were mixed with natural rubber and a blend of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber, and the contact angle measured using drops of water and diiodomethane on the rubber surface.

How does surface free energy affect wear resistance?

With the increase of surface free energy, the maximum torque was decreased significantly, the elongation at break tended to increase, the heat generation of vulcanizates was increased, and the wear resistance was decreased. Keywords: carbon black; surface free energy; rubber

How does temperature affect the abrasion value of vulcanized rubber?

The results in Figure 14 show that the abrasion value of vulcanized rubber increases with the increase of temperature, which is due to the decrease of surface activity of CB particles, leading to the decrease of interaction between CB particles and rubber molecular chains. As a result, the wear resistance of vulcanized rubber decreased.

What ambivalent aspects influenced the CB–rubber interaction?

Above all, two ambivalent aspects influenced the CB–rubber interaction. One is the positive effect of AE on the formation of entanglement points, which improved the CB–rubber interaction. The other is the decrease of dispersive free energy ( γds) on the CB surface via adding AE that reduced the CB–rubber interaction.