Which vegetable oil is a processing aid for rubber compounds?

Various vegetable oils including soybean oil and palm oil were extensively confirmed to be the processing aids of the rubber compound without any adverse effects on the properties of the rubber compounds [19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25∗∗, 26].

How does nano-sized ZnO affect the development of green rubber technology?

Therefore, the nano-sized ZnO led to a 5-time reduction of ZnO level in the rubber compound, impacting on the development of the green rubber technology. NR having very high molecular weight becomes highly viscous during a melt mixing process.

Why is the rubber industry pursuing renewable alternatives?

Depletion of petroleum resources as well as alarming levels of environmental pollution from carbon emission and non-biodegradable wastes is driving the modern rubber industries to explore renewable alternatives.

Is cellulose a good alternative to petroleum based fillers for rubber?

Cellulose is another plant-based material that has emerged as an alternative to petroleum-derived fillers for rubber compounds. Micro- and nanocellulose have drawn significant attention in rubber research lately.

Why is silica considered a green filler for rubber industries?

Silica is considered a green filler for rubber industries as it is abundant in nature. Fumed silica, a reinforcing nanofiller for rubber industries, is prepared by hydrolysis of natural silane in the presence of oxygen.

How are rubbers cured?

Most general-purpose rubbers containing unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds in their chemical structure, either in the main polymer chain or side chains are cured by sulfur and sulfur-containing chemicals known as accelerators. Zinc oxide and stearic acid are also used as parts of the sulfur curing system, noted as accelerator activators.