Are rubber products a source of PPDS?

Our data show that rubber products such as rubber gloves and hoses are likely to be sources of PPDs in the environment, but more work is needed to confirm this through the analysis of more rubber product samples.

Which PPD has the highest DF in rubber products?

CPPD had the highest DF in the rubber products, and the composition and concentrations of additives varied greatly among the different products (Table S5, Figure 1). These results show that a diverse range of PPDs are used in industry.

Is natural rubber prone to epidemic diseases?

Natural Rubber (Hevea Brasiliensis) as one of the world's most important commodity is also prone to such epidemic diseases. Rubber cultivation in Nigeria began over five (5) decades with over 200,000 hectares planted with natural rubber in the tropical rain forest regions of the southern states of Nigeria (Umar et al., 2011).

What is natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)?

Natural Rubber (Hevea Brasiliensis) is one of the world's most important commodities. It is cultivation in Nigeria began over five (5) decades with over 200,000 hectares planted with natural rubber in the tropical rain forest regions of the southern states of Nigeria (Umar et al., 2011).

Which rubber antioxidants have the highest production volumes?

According to data from the China Rubber Industry Association, 6PPD and IPPD have the highest production volumes among all rubber antioxidants (approximately 60% of the total), which explains the high contributions of 6PPD and IPPD in the dust samples (China Rubber Industry Association, 2023).

Which country produces the most natural rubber in the world?

Currently, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia are the leading producers of natural rubber in the world. The global demand growth rate is about 3.4% annually. Africa produces about 408,000 tonnes annually, out of which Nigeria accounted for over 90,000 tonnes in the 1990s, but now only about 66,500 tonnes annually.