What is the role of zinc oxide in rubber industry?

The important role played by zinc oxide in rubber industry is given be-low In the curing process of natural rubber and most types of synthetic rubbers, the chemical reactivity of ZnO is utilized to speed up the rate of cure with the or-ganic accelerator.

What are rubber antioxidants?

Rubber antioxidants are defined as substances that could delay the aging of polymer compounds and prolong the service life of rubber products by inhibiting oxidation, heat, or light radiation . To date, the annual global consumption of rubber antioxidants is over 700,000 tons, accounting for about 40% of the total amount of rubber additives.

Which rubber antioxidants are used in China?

Amine antioxidants are the main rubber antioxidants produced and used in China, of which 6PPD and 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ, RD) have the highest production, accounting for more than 80% of the total amine antioxidants.

What are the TPS of rubber antioxidants?

The TPs of rubber antioxidants have been observed in some studies under environmental conditions. As one of the widespread rubber antioxidants, amine antioxidants (PPDs: TMPPD, DPPD, 6PPD, and 6PPDTZ) could react with O 3 (in parts per billion volume levels) in the environment and produce PPD-quinone .

Why are chemical antioxidants used in rubber aging?

By contrast, chemical antioxidants are usually used to address the reaction stage of rubber aging. According to the different fracture modes of the molecular chain of raw rubber materials, different chemical antioxidants are added to block the growth reaction chain during aging .

What are amine antioxidants in rubber?

Amine antioxidant is the most common rubber antioxidant, which was produced as early as the 1970s and widely used in the rubber industry. Typical amine antioxidants include diaryl-secondary amine, acetone-amine condensation product, p -phenylenediamine, and aldehyde-amine condensation product antioxidants .