Can antioxidants be added to rubber during mastication?

Antioxidants are added to natural rubber (NR) and synthetic rubber (SR) during mastication, which is the process of transforming rubber from a strong and elastic state to a soft and plastic state [4, 5]. In addition, they could also be coated on the NR surface to achieve a similar effect .

Why do we need antioxidants for rubber composites?

Therefore, for a real application, the antioxidants are indispensable to retard the thermal-oxidative-aging process of the rubber composites and then prolong the service life. In this review, we systematically review the recent progress of antioxidants for rubber.

What are the TPS of rubber antioxidants?

The TPs of rubber antioxidants have been observed in some studies under environmental conditions. As one of the widespread rubber antioxidants, amine antioxidants (PPDs: TMPPD, DPPD, 6PPD, and 6PPDTZ) could react with O 3 (in parts per billion volume levels) in the environment and produce PPD-quinone .

Do rubber antioxidants affect the environment?

However, recent studies have revealed that their impacts of rubber antioxidants and their TPs. In this review, we first summarize the category and their TPs in the environment, emphasizing their influence on the ozone oxidative degradation. The of their biological health impact and environmental risks. Finally, the environmental occurrences

Does antioxidant 2246 protect rubber from aging?

Among them, antioxidant 2246 has a good performance to protect rubber from aging caused by heat, oxygen, and metals. Because hydrogen in phenolic antioxidants can combine with the oxygen in air, their antiaging efficiency is therefore lowered compared with amine antioxidants [21, 22].

Which rubber antioxidants are used in China?

Amine antioxidants are the main rubber antioxidants produced and used in China, of which 6PPD and 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ, RD) have the highest production, accounting for more than 80% of the total amine antioxidants.