What are rubber products used for?

Rubber products are mainly used in industrial and agricultural production, transportation, and national defense construction, and antioxidants are a group of the most important chemicals with widespread use in rubber products.

Do Antioxidants improve the performance of rubber?

Conclusions and Future Perspectives Antioxidants are widely used to improve the performance of rubber, and their production, especially 6PPD, is annually maintained at a high level .

Do antioxidants and their TPS increase environmental risk awareness of rubber products?

To our knowledge, this is the first review on antioxidants and their TPs in the environment, which may elevate the environmental risk awareness of rubber products and their TPs in the near future.

Does antioxidant 2246 protect rubber from aging?

Among them, antioxidant 2246 has a good performance to protect rubber from aging caused by heat, oxygen, and metals. Because hydrogen in phenolic antioxidants can combine with the oxygen in air, their antiaging efficiency is therefore lowered compared with amine antioxidants [21, 22].

Why are chemical antioxidants used in rubber aging?

By contrast, chemical antioxidants are usually used to address the reaction stage of rubber aging. According to the different fracture modes of the molecular chain of raw rubber materials, different chemical antioxidants are added to block the growth reaction chain during aging .

What causes oxidative aging of rubber?

Various external factors, including oxidative agents (such as oxygen), heavy metals, UV rays, ozone, mechanical stress, heat, and aggressive chemicals, etc., could accelerate rubber aging. This review mainly focused on thermo-oxidative aging because it is the most common aging type for rubbers.