What are rubber antioxidants?

Rubber antioxidants are defined as substances that could delay the aging of polymer compounds and prolong the service life of rubber products by inhibiting oxidation, heat, or light radiation . To date, the annual global consumption of rubber antioxidants is over 700,000 tons, accounting for about 40% of the total amount of rubber additives.

Which rubber antioxidants are used in China?

Amine antioxidants are the main rubber antioxidants produced and used in China, of which 6PPD and 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ, RD) have the highest production, accounting for more than 80% of the total amine antioxidants.

Does antioxidant 2246 protect rubber from aging?

Among them, antioxidant 2246 has a good performance to protect rubber from aging caused by heat, oxygen, and metals. Because hydrogen in phenolic antioxidants can combine with the oxygen in air, their antiaging efficiency is therefore lowered compared with amine antioxidants [21, 22].

Why are chemical antioxidants used in rubber aging?

By contrast, chemical antioxidants are usually used to address the reaction stage of rubber aging. According to the different fracture modes of the molecular chain of raw rubber materials, different chemical antioxidants are added to block the growth reaction chain during aging .

How do antioxidants affect the cost of rubber compounds?

Also, antioxidants are a class of ingredients that significantly affect the cost of rubber compounds. A frequent synergy between two or more stabilizers leads to an increase in their efficiency compared to the individual component and leads to a decrease in the cost of the rubber compound.

What are the TPS of rubber antioxidants?

The TPs of rubber antioxidants have been observed in some studies under environmental conditions. As one of the widespread rubber antioxidants, amine antioxidants (PPDs: TMPPD, DPPD, 6PPD, and 6PPDTZ) could react with O 3 (in parts per billion volume levels) in the environment and produce PPD-quinone .