What is Tire Rubber made of?

In general, tire rubber consists of synthetic and/or natural rubber (40–60 %), fillers and reinforcing agents like carbon black and silica (20–25 %), process or extender oils (12–15 %), vulcanization agents like Zn and thiazoles (1–2 %), and other additives such as preservatives and processing aids (5–10 %) (Wagner et al., 2018).

What products do you supply to the rubber industry?

We supply the rubber industry with a broad portfolio of predispersed chemicals, processing promoters, and vulcanization and filling activators. In addition, the portfolio also includes anti-sun check waxes, release agents, tire marking paints, and tire curing bladders.

What are the toxicological studies on tire particles and leachates?

Published toxicological studies on tire particles and leachates. Gammarus pulexAsellus aquaticus Tubifex spp.Lumbriculus variegatus. In experiments that evaluated the reproduction of D. magna, 15 and 150 mg/L of tire rubber particles significantly reduced the numbers of daphnids and their neonates (Schell et al., 2022).

What chemicals are emitted from tires?

Known chemical emissions from tires include benzothiazoles, PAHs, vulcanizers, antidegradants, aromatic and paraffinic oils, formaldehyde, and styrene-butadiene rubber polymers, along with heavy metals like Zn (Adachi and Tainosho, 2004; Cadle and Williams, 1978; Fauser et al., 1999; Klöckner et al., 2019; Kumata et al., 2011).

Why is rubber a high-performance product?

This is because rubber is soft and not very durable until vulcanization. By selecting the type of rubber, the crosslinking chemicals and additives required for the desired technical properties of the end product, high-performance products such as tires, hoses, gaskets, profiles and other rubber products are created.

What are tires made of?

Tires typically use metal mesh or textiles for structure and rubber for all other components. Tire rubber consists of complex proprietary formulations that vary among brands, tire types, and tire components (Hüffer et al., 2019; Kreider et al., 2010; Selbes et al., 2015; Wagner et al., 2018; Chibwe et al., 2022).