Why is polyaluminum chloride a good coagulant for water treatment?

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is highly effective coagulant for water treatment over conventional coagulants because of low dosage requirement, shorter flocculation time, smaller amount of sludge, high efficiency and low aluminum residual in treated water .

Can anionic polyacrylamide be used as coagulant aid with ferric sulphate and polyaluminium chloride?

It is important to point out that the optimal coagulant dose can be reduced when anionic polyacrylamide is used as coagulant aid with ferric sulphate and polyaluminium chloride, thus decreasing treatment costs. 3.10. Mechanisms of the process

Does anionic polyacrylamide improve the coagulation–flocculation process?

The use of anionic polyacrylamide had little effect on this cost but improved the coagulation–flocculation process, leading to a significant increase in the settling speed and reduction in the volume of sludge produced. Table 7.

Can PAC be used as coagulant for water treatment?

The ZPD value of PAC was also revealed that the flocculation tendency of PAC particles was very high in water, and the PAC could be used as coagulant for water treatment. Fig. 5.

Can polymeric PAC be used for water treatment?

Several researchers have investigated the synthesis, of PAC and its performance for water treatment. The results shows that various polymeric species of PAC yield (Al b species) are obtained and different performance efficiencies for water treatment are reported in the literature [21, 24].

What are the advantages of anionic polyacrylamide?

The use of anionic polyacrylamide increases the flocculation efficiency of the coagulant, increasing the settling speed, reducing the amount of coagulant required for the treatment and lowering the cost of the coagulation-flocculation process. This work was financially supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain.