Is PAC a polymer flocculation catalyst?

The literature also indicates that Al 13 has a molecular scale of 1–2 nm and has a high charge, which is considered to be the most stable active species in PAC. Thus, PAC as “inorganic polymer flocculation catalyst” demonstrated its structural characteristics in the organic synthesis reaction system.

What is polyaluminum chloride (PAC)?

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is a classic inorganic polymer material, which has the advantages of easy preparation, low cost, and high efficiency in the field of water treatment and other areas of environmental protection [1, 2].

Why is polyaluminum chloride a good coagulant for water treatment?

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is highly effective coagulant for water treatment over conventional coagulants because of low dosage requirement, shorter flocculation time, smaller amount of sludge, high efficiency and low aluminum residual in treated water .

What are polymers used in flocculation?

Polymers are chemicals used in flocculation. Flocculation is the process of agglomerating destabilized particles into bigger flocs. In wastewater flocculation and sludge treatment, colloidal particles are flocked in order to aid their removal or to help sludge dewatering.

How much product can be obtained from a polymer flocculant?

When the reaction scale was expanded to 20 mmol, 6.23 g (89%) of product could be obtained. The classic inorganic polymer flocculant—polyaluminum chloride (PAC)—was used as an environmentally friendly, efficient, and recyclable catalyst in the synthesis of Bis (indolyl)methanes (BIMs) compounds for the first time.

What is nonionic powder flocculants / polyacrylamides (ndpam)?

Nonionic powder flocculants can be produced with very high molecular weights, giving it the capability to form large, rapid-settling, good-compacting flocs. We produce nonionic powder flocculants / polyacrylamides (NDPAM) in a standard range plus in high and low molecular weights.