Why is polyaluminum chloride a good coagulant for water treatment?

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is highly effective coagulant for water treatment over conventional coagulants because of low dosage requirement, shorter flocculation time, smaller amount of sludge, high efficiency and low aluminum residual in treated water .

Does anionic polyacrylamide improve the coagulation–flocculation process?

The use of anionic polyacrylamide had little effect on this cost but improved the coagulation–flocculation process, leading to a significant increase in the settling speed and reduction in the volume of sludge produced. Table 7.

Can anionic polyacrylamide be used as coagulant aid with ferric sulphate and polyaluminium chloride?

It is important to point out that the optimal coagulant dose can be reduced when anionic polyacrylamide is used as coagulant aid with ferric sulphate and polyaluminium chloride, thus decreasing treatment costs. 3.10. Mechanisms of the process

What is polyaluminum chloride (PAC)?

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is an inorganic polymer material that has the advantages of a simple preparation process and special electronic structure. It is considered to be the most efficient and widely used flocculation material for water treatment.

What is a polymeric flocculant?

In most cases, they are derived from oil-based and non-renewable raw materials (Suopajärvi et al., 2013). Commonly used polymeric flocculants include polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, poly (diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (DADMAC), polyamine and others (Singh et al., 2000).

Why are polymeric flocculants used in industrial effluent treatment?

Polymeric flocculants, synthetic as well as natural have become very popular in industrial effluent treatment due to their natural inertness to pH changes, high efficiency with low dosage, and easy handling (Singh et al., 2000).