What is partial hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is a water-soluble polymer material used in oil fields [18, 19]. It usually has a linear structure with high molecular weight and is obtained by partial hydrolysis of PAM or by copolymerization of sodium acrylate with acrylamide .

Can hydrolyzed polyacrylamide be degraded?

For oil field applications, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the most widely used polymer. HPAM must maintain high viscosity to achieve good oil recovery. In reality, however, polymers can be severely degraded by shearing and heat in the underground environment. This phenomenon is studied in this paper.

Which polymer is used to produce partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?

PAM is used to produce partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), which is linear, anionic, water-soluble, stable, polymeric, and high molecular weight chain of acrylamide (C 3 H 5 NO) monomers (Bao et al., 2010; Braun et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2016; Xiong et al., 2018).

What does HPAM stand for?

Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis (Part B: Chemical Analysis),1(11). Articles from Environmental Monitoring and Assessment are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group Polymers, such as partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), are widely used in oil fields to enhance or improve the recovery of crude oil from the reservoirs.

Is HPAM a water soluble polymer?

HPAM is a water-soluble, commonly injected polymer into oil reservoirs to improve the water flooding process (Xue et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2008).

What is HPAM viscosity compared to water injection?

HPAM viscosity of 150–1000 cP showed improvement in oil recovery, when compared with water injection (Seright, 2010), but its usage has temperature and salinity restrictions. So, reservoir permeability, rock composition, and oil viscosity are important in the selection of the applied polymer in the field (Abidin et al., 2012).