Is polyaluminium chloride an effective coagulant?

Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and composite coagulant of polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) are commonly found in engineering applications due to their excellent coagulation effect and acceptable cost.

Can anionic polyacrylamide be used as coagulant aid with ferric sulphate and polyaluminium chloride?

It is important to point out that the optimal coagulant dose can be reduced when anionic polyacrylamide is used as coagulant aid with ferric sulphate and polyaluminium chloride, thus decreasing treatment costs. 3.10. Mechanisms of the process

What is anionic polyacrylamide (PAM)?

Anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) possesses interconnected and active groups that establish robust bonds with the surface of suspended colloids, promoting the formation of coarse particles among the suspended solids and a mixture of insoluble particles in water (Irfan et al. 2017).

Does C-PAM improve coagulation–flocculation process in cardboard industry effluent?

Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box–Behnken design (BBD) were investigated to optimize the coagulation–flocculation process (CF) of cardboard industry effluent using polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and cationic polyacrylamides (c-PAM).

Does anionic polyacrylamide improve the coagulation–flocculation process?

The use of anionic polyacrylamide had little effect on this cost but improved the coagulation–flocculation process, leading to a significant increase in the settling speed and reduction in the volume of sludge produced. Table 7.

Can PAC and C-PAM be used to treat pulp and paper industry effluents?

The use of PAC and c-PAM in the treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents might be deemed cost-effective (Wong et al., 2006). In this work, the cost of wastewater treatment using PAC and c-PAM is around 791,29 $ per m 3. The biological processes may provide an alternative for surfactant treatment due to their cheaper cost.